AM is a unique tool that is being adopted by various levels of government. In regards to AM and Federal EA processes in Canada, there is recognition that all EAs involve some level of uncertainty regarding the identification of environmental effects, the assessment of their significance and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act implicitly recognizes uncertainty by requiring a follow-up program for all projects that undergo an assessment by comprehensive study or a review panel. In response to data generated by the follow-up program or monitoring, the proponent, the responsible authority or the regulated authority is required to initiate adaptive management measures if mitigation is not adequate to eliminate, reduce or control adverse environmental effects.