BMS:
A battery management system (BMS) is an electronic regulator that monitors and controls the charging and discharging of rechargeable batteries. The BMS comes included in battery pack.
Battery management systems may be as simple as electronics to measure voltage and stop charging when the desired voltage is reached. At that point, they might shut down the power flow; in the event of irregular or dangerous conditions they might issue an alarm. A more complex BMS monitors many factors that affect battery life and performance as well as ensuring safe operation. They may monitor one-cell or multi-cell battery systems. Multi-cell systems may monitor and control conditions of individual cells. Some systems connect to computers for advanced monitoring, logging and more. A more complex BMS also monitors the temperature of a battery pack and can “cut-off” when the battery temperature is too high while charging or discharging.