As discussed in chapter 1, electrical energy transports have increased over the last
years in the European grid due to the liberalisation of the electricity markets and
thPower through a transmission line
A transmission line can be modelled as a reactance in series with a resistance, omitting
shunt elements1, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The complex current through this line is
depending on the voltage levels and angles on each side of the line and the impedance
between both nodes: