3.2. Osmotic evaporationThe permeat

3.2. Osmotic evaporationThe permeate flux during camu–camu concentration byosmotic evaporation is shown in Fig. 6. A volumetric reduction ratioclose to 3.0 was achieved. The permeate flux varied from3.3 kg h1 m2, at the beginning of process, to 0.2 kg h1 m2,when total solids reached 550 g kg1. Permeate fluxes between 2and 13 kg h1 m2 were obtained by Hongvaleerat et al. (2008) inthe concentration of pineapple juice by osmotic evaporation, usingthe same membrane of the present work. Courel et al. (2000) observedfluxes varying between 0.5 and 23 kg h1 m2, by varyingoperating parameters such as solute content, circulation velocityand temperature of the fluids, also using a TF200 membrane toconcentrate sucrose solutions.

3.2. Osmotic evaporation
The permeate flux during camu–camu concentration by
osmotic evaporation is shown in Fig. 6. A volumetric reduction ratio
close to 3.0 was achieved. The permeate flux varied from
3.3 kg h1 m2, at the beginning of process, to 0.2 kg h1 m2,
when total solids reached 550 g kg1. Permeate fluxes between 2
and 13 kg h1 m2 were obtained by Hongvaleerat et al. (2008) in
the concentration of pineapple juice by osmotic evaporation, using
the same membrane of the present work. Courel et al. (2000) observed
fluxes varying between 0.5 and 23 kg h1 m2, by varying
operating parameters such as solute content, circulation velocity
and temperature of the fluids, also using a TF200 membrane to
concentrate sucrose solutions.