Louis (1980) shows that the outcome of sensemaking turns into routines with the passage from newcomer to insider. Newcomers’ anticipations are tested against the reality of their new experiences. “Learning the ropes” of the new setting typically occupy the newcomer for the first six to ten months (Louis, 1980). Thus, the top management's experiences when they are newcomers during the encounter period are assumed to be critical in shaping their long-term orientation in the new environment