Two circumstances preclude vertical integration forward, even if it would add to return on investment. One is that the firm does not have and cannot obtain the resources to integrate forward. The other is that the firm has other priorities that contribute even mote to return on investment and that exhaust the firm’s capacities. The manufacturer should pursue these other actions instead, even of vertical integration has a positive payoff that earns a return on overhead exceeding the firm’s hurdle rate returns on resources employed (e.g., capital).