5. Conclusions
The following subsections apply the results from Section 4 to research questions specified in section 2.
5.1 Bilingual proficiency
Do Khmu speakers master either Central Thai or Northern Thai adequately? Actual bilingualism testing would be necessary to prove adequate bilingualism in Northern Thai, but it can be inferred from the research that most Khmu speakers do master Northern Thai adequately. The local leaders report that every sector of the population can speak Northern Thai well. The native Northern Thai speaker on the survey team reported that most of the respondents spoke Northern Thai like native speakers. Eleven of twelve Individual Sociolinguistic Questionnaire respondents reported that they actually speak Northern Thai better than they speak Khmu.
Thus, this research concludes that Khmu people in Thailand are able to use Central Thai and Northern Thai literature.