Three different types of media that have been previouslyreported to have optimized concentrations and are used to cultivateG. xylinus were selected from the literature and modified for thepresent study. Media used were Hestrin–Schramm (H), Yamanaka(Y) and Zhou (Z). The chemical compositions of the media aredescribed in Table 1. Date syrup, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, andfood-grade sucrose were used as different carbon sources in thesemedia. All the media were inoculated at a concentration of 10%(v/v) after being autoclaved at 121◦C for 15 min. Ethanol 1% (v/v)was added to all media and the pH was adjusted to 5.5 with H2SO4