this must be biological performance as well as economic parameters which are important to
evaluate the real broiler performance. There are a few performance indices available to
measure the performance of broilers. Most of them depict only the biological performance of
the birds; they can be used to measure genetic potential of the bird, feed quality and technical
efficiency of the farm.
Over the time industry has moved from a simple measure of bird weight, to weight for age,
mortality, FCR, and more recently production efficiency factor (PEF) and unit profitability
(UP). Together with growth rate, days to market and mortality, feed efficiency has been
considered as one of the important parameters in assessing the potential of bird strain or
feeding program etc (Leeson, 2000).
The ultimate profit of the operation is the most important circumstance to any commercial
activity. Hence measurement of cost driven factors or performance in terms of returns rather
than cost is more useful in terms of profitability of the business. Therefore, the objective of
this study was to determine the most profitable grow-out time for broilers using different cost
related performance indices and to ascertain the cost-effectiveness of sex-separate feeding of
broilers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two thousand five hundred and fifty (1275 males and 1275 females), day-old broiler chicks
(Hubbard Flex) were used in total for the feeding trials. Day old chicks were obtained in 25
batches of 102 birds (51 males + 51 females) in 2 weeks intervals. They were housed for
brooding in two separate pens. The brooder was prepared 24 hours before placing the birds.
The floor space at the brooder was 0.25 ft2
per chick. Paddy husk was used as the bedding
materials in brooder. Electric bulbs were used as heating source at 1 watt per chick. Chick
trays were used for feeding chicks. Following one week of brooding, the same pens were
used to keep birds during grow out period. The floor space per bird given from day 8 up to
day 28 was 0.75 ft2 and day 29 up to day 42 was 1.0 ft2
. Deep litter system was practiced and
paddy husk was used as the litter material. Each pen was equipped with two round feeders (7
kg capacity) and two manual drinkers (9L capacity). A two-phase feeding program was
adopted, where the broilers were fed on broiler starter crumbles from day 1 to day 21 and
broiler finisher pellets from day 22 up to day 42. Ad lib feeding was done through out the
period.
The birds were given infectious bursal disease vaccine (Bur 706) on day 7 and day 14.
Supplement of vitamins and other management practices were continued as usual but
common to all birds. In the evening of the 42nd day all birds were removed from the farm for
slaughtering. After the birds were removed from the pen for slaughtering, all the litter
materials were removed and pens were washed with clean water and followed by spraying a
broad spectrum disinfectant. After that lime was applied on the floor area and the pen was
kept free of chicks for next three weeks. Each production cycle (51 males + 51 females) was
considered as one replicate in two treatments. This practice was continued until 25 batches
(50 groups) in total were considered as 25 replicates. Therefore, the total in vivo
experimental period was 60 weeks.
Group feed intake and body weight were measured every week for both sexes separately.
Mortality, if any, during the rearing period was recorded. Average weight gain and FCR of
birds were calculated on weekly basis up to the age of 35 days. The same parameters were
this must be biological performance as well as economic parameters which are important toevaluate the real broiler performance. There are a few performance indices available tomeasure the performance of broilers. Most of them depict only the biological performance ofthe birds; they can be used to measure genetic potential of the bird, feed quality and technicalefficiency of the farm.Over the time industry has moved from a simple measure of bird weight, to weight for age,mortality, FCR, and more recently production efficiency factor (PEF) and unit profitability(UP). Together with growth rate, days to market and mortality, feed efficiency has beenconsidered as one of the important parameters in assessing the potential of bird strain orfeeding program etc (Leeson, 2000).The ultimate profit of the operation is the most important circumstance to any commercialactivity. Hence measurement of cost driven factors or performance in terms of returns ratherthan cost is more useful in terms of profitability of the business. Therefore, the objective ofthis study was to determine the most profitable grow-out time for broilers using different costrelated performance indices and to ascertain the cost-effectiveness of sex-separate feeding ofbroilers.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo thousand five hundred and fifty (1275 males and 1275 females), day-old broiler chicks(Hubbard Flex) were used in total for the feeding trials. Day old chicks were obtained in 25batches of 102 birds (51 males + 51 females) in 2 weeks intervals. They were housed forbrooding in two separate pens. The brooder was prepared 24 hours before placing the birds.The floor space at the brooder was 0.25 ft2 per chick. Paddy husk was used as the beddingmaterials in brooder. Electric bulbs were used as heating source at 1 watt per chick. Chicktrays were used for feeding chicks. Following one week of brooding, the same pens wereused to keep birds during grow out period. The floor space per bird given from day 8 up today 28 was 0.75 ft2 and day 29 up to day 42 was 1.0 ft2. Deep litter system was practiced andpaddy husk was used as the litter material. Each pen was equipped with two round feeders (7kg capacity) and two manual drinkers (9L capacity). A two-phase feeding program wasadopted, where the broilers were fed on broiler starter crumbles from day 1 to day 21 andbroiler finisher pellets from day 22 up to day 42. Ad lib feeding was done through out theperiod.The birds were given infectious bursal disease vaccine (Bur 706) on day 7 and day 14.Supplement of vitamins and other management practices were continued as usual butcommon to all birds. In the evening of the 42nd day all birds were removed from the farm forslaughtering. After the birds were removed from the pen for slaughtering, all the littermaterials were removed and pens were washed with clean water and followed by spraying abroad spectrum disinfectant. After that lime was applied on the floor area and the pen waskept free of chicks for next three weeks. Each production cycle (51 males + 51 females) wasconsidered as one replicate in two treatments. This practice was continued until 25 batches(50 groups) in total were considered as 25 replicates. Therefore, the total in vivoexperimental period was 60 weeks.Group feed intake and body weight were measured every week for both sexes separately.Mortality, if any, during the rearing period was recorded. Average weight gain and FCR ofbirds were calculated on weekly basis up to the age of 35 days. The same parameters were
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