The levels of health, public health resources and access to
health care remain very unequal, both between and within
populations and especially between the world's rich and poor.
The UN Millennium Development Goals sought to reduce
disparities in poverty, hunger, malnutrition, maternal mortality,
diarrhoeal diseases, malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,
and unsafe drinking water. Yet, the adverse impacts of
climate change and other manifestations of limits to growth34
on environments, poverty levels and health risks may impede
these achievements and increase health disparities.35,36
Communities and groups in many low-income countries,
and especially those in over-crowded slum-dwelling settings,
will be at particular risk.
Richer countries also harbour differences in vulnerability.
In the United States impacts of the 1995 heat-wave in Chicago
and the 2005 Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans on injuries,
health disorders and deaths differed markedly between ethnic
and socio-economic groups. This pattern is likely to be documented
following Hurricane Sandy in late 2012, in which some
populations were trapped for many weeks in high rise flats,
cut off from electricity and fearful, or unable to venture down
dark windowless staircases, in order to refresh supplies. The
poor and residentially disadvantaged suffered the most. In
Australia the particularly vulnerable groups include:
rural communities likely to be exposed to long-term drying
conditions;
elderly and frail persons, especially in relation to heatwaves,
floods and fires;
coastal communities facing storm surges and altered patterns
of cyclones;
remote communities of indigenous Australians facing
more frequent extremes of heat, drying, water shortages
and the loss of traditional plant and animal food species;
and
people who live in regions where climate-sensitive infectious
diseases may tend to spread, including likely greater
exposure in northern Australia to several mosquito-borne
infections (dengue, Ross River virus disease and others).
Around much of the world, gender differences in health
risks from climatic conditions and fluctuations are a basic
Fig
The levels of health, public health resources and access tohealth care remain very unequal, both between and withinpopulations and especially between the world's rich and poor.The UN Millennium Development Goals sought to reducedisparities in poverty, hunger, malnutrition, maternal mortality,diarrhoeal diseases, malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,and unsafe drinking water. Yet, the adverse impacts ofclimate change and other manifestations of limits to growth34on environments, poverty levels and health risks may impedethese achievements and increase health disparities.35,36Communities and groups in many low-income countries,and especially those in over-crowded slum-dwelling settings,will be at particular risk.Richer countries also harbour differences in vulnerability.In the United States impacts of the 1995 heat-wave in Chicagoand the 2005 Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans on injuries,health disorders and deaths differed markedly between ethnicand socio-economic groups. This pattern is likely to be documentedfollowing Hurricane Sandy in late 2012, in which somepopulations were trapped for many weeks in high rise flats,cut off from electricity and fearful, or unable to venture downdark windowless staircases, in order to refresh supplies. Thepoor and residentially disadvantaged suffered the most. InAustralia the particularly vulnerable groups include: rural communities likely to be exposed to long-term dryingconditions; elderly and frail persons, especially in relation to heatwaves,floods and fires; coastal communities facing storm surges and altered patternsof cyclones; remote communities of indigenous Australians facingmore frequent extremes of heat, drying, water shortagesand the loss of traditional plant and animal food species;and people who live in regions where climate-sensitive infectiousdiseases may tend to spread, including likely greaterexposure in northern Australia to several mosquito-borneinfections (dengue, Ross River virus disease and others).Around much of the world, gender differences in healthrisks from climatic conditions and fluctuations are a basicFig
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