Scale deposition in surface and subsurface oil and gas
production equipment has been recognized. Scale deposition
is one of the most important and serious problems that inflict
oil field water injection systems. Scale limits and sometimes
blocks oil and gas production by plugging the oilproducing
formation matrix or fractures and perforated
intervals. It can also plug production lines and equipment
and impair fluid flow. Scale also deposited in down-hole
pumps, tubing, casing flow-lines, heater treaters, tanks and
other production equipment and facilities. The consequence
could be production-equipment failure, emergency shutdown,
increased maintenance cost, and overall decrease in
production efficiency. In case of water injection systems,
scale could plug the pores of the formation and results in
injectivity decline with time [3-8]. Scale also can deposit
when two incompatible waters are mixed and supersaturation
is reached [3, 9-13].