4. The study
The teacher preparation program for this study was a 1-year, graduate level program focused on the preparation of science and mathematics teachers to integrate technology. For the study year, 22 student teachers were enrolled; two were preparing to teach physics, five to teach mathematics, four to teach chemistry, five to teach biology, and six to teach integrated science (middle grades science teaching). These students had previously earned at least a Bachelor’s degree including the subject matter requirements for their proposed teacher areas. While the mathematics, chemistry, and physics students completed Bachelor’s degrees specific to their subject, the biology and integrated science students completed varied undergraduate degree programs such as biology, zoology, botany, environmental science, and forest science.