Unripe green ‘Hass’ avocado fruit were harvested from three growers in the North Island,new Zealand,during march 2011 (late maturity).fruit were commercially packed and transported to the plant & food research laboratory in Auckland within 4 days of harvest and held in cool storage ( 5 °C) for 3 weeks. fruit were ripened using 100 μL L^(-1) ethylene for 24 h at 20°C and allowed to the target fruit firmness. fruit firmness was measured using Aweta AFS (AWETA Impact & Acoustic Firmness system,nootdorp,nootdorp,Holland),and fruit were selected in the range of 20-26 Acoustic Index (all) (equivalent to 0.6-0.8 kgf Effegi puncture 8-mm probe),or ‘firm-ripe’ on the hand-firmness scale ( rating of 3.5-4) (white,woolf,hofman,&arpaia,2005).