Since the 1980s, the attention of the scientific, public,
and policy arenas concerning environmental issues in the
Amazon basin has focused almost entirely on forests and
their biodiversity. Three decades of effort have generated
an understanding of some key biophysical transitions
in the basin, and established a network of protected
areas—largely designed to preserve forest biodiversity—
that now epitomizes the Amazon conservation paradigm
(e.g., Soares-Filho et al. 2010; Davidson et al. 2012). Market
and financial incentives are now emerging to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation (i.e., REDD+; Nepstad et al. 2009).
Despite such remarkable advances, little attention has
been paid to the poorly managed freshwater ecosystems
Since the 1980s, the attention of the scientific, public,and policy arenas concerning environmental issues in theAmazon basin has focused almost entirely on forests andtheir biodiversity. Three decades of effort have generatedan understanding of some key biophysical transitionsin the basin, and established a network of protectedareas—largely designed to preserve forest biodiversity—that now epitomizes the Amazon conservation paradigm(e.g., Soares-Filho et al. 2010; Davidson et al. 2012). Marketand financial incentives are now emerging to reducegreenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forestdegradation (i.e., REDD+; Nepstad et al. 2009).Despite such remarkable advances, little attention hasbeen paid to the poorly managed freshwater ecosystems
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