Trained university personnel observed kosher beef slaughter of steers and heifers of mostly Angus genetics sourced from North Dakota and Minnesota, USA (n = 162) at a commercial abattoir in New Rock- ford, ND during three slaughter days in consecutive months (January through March). Slaughter facilities are typical of a modern beef slaugh- ter facility, with cattle moving from lairage pens onto a v-belt restrainer that moved the cattle to the bleeding gate. All cattle were held in an up- right position and the head restrained by a hydraulic device that pre- sented the throat to the trained rabbi for bleeding. A single rabbi performed all of the bleeding, and all animal were presented for “Glatt” kosher slaughter. Pre-slaughter stress measurements recorded included number of animals per lairage pen, chute score, vocalization score, number of times electrical prods used, and time from entering the v-belt to exsanguination (GtE). Chute scores (1 = calm, no move- ment; 2 = slightly restless; 3 = squirming, occasionally shaking the chute; 4 = continuous, very vigorous movement and shaking of the chute; 5 = rearing, twisting of the body and struggling violently) were adapted from Grandin (1993) and Grandin (2010) and recorded in the holding chute prior to entering the v-belt restrainer. Vocalization scores (0 = no vocalization, 1 = low intensity, singular vocalization; 2 = mild intensity, one to two vocalizations; 3 = high intensity, two or more vocalizations) were observed on the v-belt restrainer. Time from exsanguination to insensibility (EtU) was recorded.