The effect of Paenibacillus isolates on cabbage seedling emergence after one-week was evaluated by comparing the number of normal emerged seedlings from the Paenibacillus-inoculated seeds with the negative control (emerged from non-inoculated seeds). As in the germination tests, Paenibacillus isolates P1, P6, P9 and P24 significantly reduced cabbage seedling emergence (Figures 2.7 and 2.8). Emergence for other Paenibacillus isolates did not differ from the positive control (emerged from inoculated seeds with pathogen). Inoculation of seed with Xcc also did not have any effect on cabbage seedling emergence; emergence in the positive control was as high as in the negative control.