Since the first classification of the Politics
is in terms of aims or final causes, states are there classified as
good or bad dependent on whether or not they are directed to
the common good, and the comparison of kinds of states leads
eventually to the examination of the form of constitution which
would be best in the abstract, much as the consideration of motions
in the Physics led to the final cause and unmoved mover.
In the best state the relation of part and whole is simple for the end of the state and the end of the citizen are the same, and the
good man is the good citizen. The chief problem in such a state
is therefore the education by which to continue citizens at the
high level of perfection which alone would make such a state
possible.