Until recently, movement only applied to citizens moving from one member state to another. Entry and integration of the much larger numbers of migrants from outside the EU was seen as a matter of national sovereignty The 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam was path-breaking in its objec- tives for common policies on asylum and migration. The EU planned to intro- duce joint policies for 25 states(by May 2004), covering management of migration flows, common rules and standards for asylum, partnership with countries of origin and integration of third-country nationals.