Ethanol silage was produced when TMR mixture was ensiled without any treatments. Such fermentation was also reported with grass silages, particularly when low-moisture and high-sugar material was ensiled (Driehuis and van Wikselaar, 2000). The DM and sugar contents of TMR mixture were 56.8 and 14.6% DM, respectively, thereby characteristics of ensiled material could agree with those reported. In this study, the ethanol fermentation appeared to be suppressed by L. casei and L. buchneri, suggesting that both heterofermentative LAB and yeasts were involved in the high production of ethanol. However, it is still difficult to define factors that could explain the ethanol production, because occasionally lactic acid dominated the fermentation in such low-moisture and high-sugar TMR silage (Nishino et al., 2003b).