global meat consumption per capita has nearly doubled. Wastes
from livestock and poultry breeding are increasingly concentrated
in confined animal feeding operations, far from areas of intensive
crop farming where the excreta could be used as fertilizer, which
are largely either spread on fields as dry litter or pumped into waste
lagoons and sprayed as liquid onto fields (Mallin and Cahoon, 2003;
Schipanski and Bennett, 2012). This has been identified as one of
the dominant contributors to contamination of water systems
globally, such as surface water eutrophication and groundwater
nitrate enrichment (DEFRA, 2004; EEA, 2005; USEPA, 2009),
especially in some developing countries
global meat consumption per capita has nearly doubled. Wastesfrom livestock and poultry breeding are increasingly concentratedin confined animal feeding operations, far from areas of intensivecrop farming where the excreta could be used as fertilizer, whichare largely either spread on fields as dry litter or pumped into wastelagoons and sprayed as liquid onto fields (Mallin and Cahoon, 2003;Schipanski and Bennett, 2012). This has been identified as one ofthe dominant contributors to contamination of water systemsglobally, such as surface water eutrophication and groundwaternitrate enrichment (DEFRA, 2004; EEA, 2005; USEPA, 2009),especially in some developing countries
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