transnational links, activities and spaces as both an effect of globalization and as
a force that helps to shape, strengthen and fuel it. The immigrants and nonimmigrants
who create these links and spaces are seen not only as objects upon
which globalization acts but also as subjects who help to shape its course. Another
set of questions these theories take up is the extent to which, and in what ways,
transnational practices increase the autonomy and power of the migrants and nonmigrants
engaged in them; to what extent transnational ties or spaces are liberating
or to what extent they reinforce or challenge existing power structures