Biofilm carrier can be either artificial or biological media. Cao et al., 2012 used filamentous bamboo as a biofilm carrier (Biocarrier) for bioremediation of polluted river water. Beside evaluating the system under continuous flow conditions, they assessed the CODcr bioremediation efficiency when glucose was added to the river water in a hybrid batch reactor. Raw water was taken from a polluted river and poured into a wastewater tank. The flow rate was regulated using a peristaltic pump, and the column was operated in up-flow mode. In addition, air was supplied into the reactor from the bottom. The microorganisms used in the experiments were cultivated in the reactor, which was a hybrid system composed of filamentous bamboo and suspended activated sludge. The continuous flow reactor kept the same packing of filamentous bamboo used in the batch experiment, and had a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.5 h. The bioremediation of polluted surface water by using biofilm on filamentous bamboo is feasible and effective. As a result, the mean CODcr removal rate reached 66.1% in a batch hybrid reactor, and glucose can be used to substantially increase the CODcr removal. Under continuous flow conditions, the removal rates of CODMn, NH4+–N, turbidity, and bacteria were 11.2–74.3%, 2.2–56.1%, 20–100%, and more than 88.6%, respectively. Therefore, Polluted surface water with refractory organic pollution, low transparency, and high nitrogen pollution can be remediated by using biofilms on filamentous bamboo. The filamentous bamboo is beneficial to forming a rich microbial community. It is recommended that filamentous bamboo be widely used for the bioremediation of polluted river water instead of conventional bio- carriers and phytoremediation techniques.