2. Air Quality Modeling
Numerical modeling has become a fundamental tool to
support decision makers on air quality management due to its
capacity to estimate atmospheric pollutants concentrations over
the entire region of interest, taking into account complex and non–
linear physical and chemical mechanisms that characterize the
atmosphere, as well as to evaluate the efficiency of emission
scenarios (Ribeiro et al., 2014). A mesoscale numerical modeling
system was selected and applied in the present study to
investigate the effects of the national emission reductions
programs on air quality over Portugal.
2.1. The air quality modeling system
The air quality modeling system comprises the Weather
Research & Forecasting (WRF, version 3.5.0) model (WRF,
Skamarock et al., 2008) and the EURopean Air pollution Dispersion
– Chemistry Transport Model (EURAD–CTM), (Elbern et al., 2007).
The WRF–EURAD is a comprehensive Eulerian air quality modeling
system in a non–hydrostatic configuration. Its nesting facility
enables to telescope from 1 000 km to 1 km of horizontal
resolution, allowing the combination of both high grid resolutions
and the representation of large–scale transport processes. WRF
and EURAD–CTM use a Lambert conformal conic projection grid
with an equidistant rectangular horizontal spacing and the state
variables are represented according to the Arakawa C–Grid
staggering (Arakawa and Lamb, 1977). The EURAD–CTM, designed
for simulations of oxidants and aerosol formation, needs emission
input data and the WRF meteorological fields, according to the
scheme of Figure 1.
2. Air Quality ModelingNumerical modeling has become a fundamental tool tosupport decision makers on air quality management due to itscapacity to estimate atmospheric pollutants concentrations overthe entire region of interest, taking into account complex and non–linear physical and chemical mechanisms that characterize theatmosphere, as well as to evaluate the efficiency of emissionscenarios (Ribeiro et al., 2014). A mesoscale numerical modelingsystem was selected and applied in the present study toinvestigate the effects of the national emission reductionsprograms on air quality over Portugal.2.1. The air quality modeling systemThe air quality modeling system comprises the WeatherResearch & Forecasting (WRF, version 3.5.0) model (WRF,Skamarock et al., 2008) and the EURopean Air pollution Dispersion– Chemistry Transport Model (EURAD–CTM), (Elbern et al., 2007).The WRF–EURAD is a comprehensive Eulerian air quality modelingsystem in a non–hydrostatic configuration. Its nesting facilityenables to telescope from 1 000 km to 1 km of horizontalresolution, allowing the combination of both high grid resolutionsand the representation of large–scale transport processes. WRFand EURAD–CTM use a Lambert conformal conic projection gridwith an equidistant rectangular horizontal spacing and the statevariables are represented according to the Arakawa C–Gridstaggering (Arakawa and Lamb, 1977). The EURAD–CTM, designedfor simulations of oxidants and aerosol formation, needs emissioninput data and the WRF meteorological fields, according to thescheme of Figure 1.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
