Adjusted R2 values provide additional information. The results
indicate that nostalgia, a single push motive, explains only 9% of the
variance in destination pull motives. Although the list of pull attributes
used in this study is not comprehensive, more pull constructs are involved
in the analysis compared to the single push construct, nostalgia.
Therefore, the overall destination pull motive, in conjunction with
nostalgia, explains 39% of the variance in supportive behavior and 40%
of the variance in future visit intention. This evidence is consistent
with the multidimensional nature of motivation (Reiss, 2012).
The composition of the pull motive warrants discussion here. As
indicated by the R2 values, F&F is the main component (R2 = .79) of
the overall pull motive followed by R&R (R2 = .39). This finding
suggests that even though Macau is a famous culture/heritage tourism
destination, its ability to provide rest and socializing opportunities are
more dominant pull forces. Macau's cultural elements are just a means
of facilitating tourists' bonding with family and friends and opportunities
for rest and relaxation.
The second proposed model is tested and presented in Fig. 4. As
indicated by the results, the nostalgia push motive is most effective in
terms of contributing to H&H(β=.35;pb 0.001; R2= .12). An individualwith
the nostalgia travelmotive ismore likely to respond to the pull
force of Macau's historical and heritage qualities. The H&H construct,
however, negatively impacts supportive behavior (β = −.11; p =
.074) and future visit intention (β = −.08; p = .209). Although not
significant, these negative relationships indicate that historical and
heritage attractions alone are insufficient to create loyalty behavior.
The most significant contributor to loyalty behavior is still F&F pull
motives with standardize coefficients of more than .40 at the 0.001
significance level. This finding raises interesting issues concerning the
relationships among the different pull motives and how they individually
affect loyalty. In order to address these issues, additional analysis
was required