In order to examine common method bias, the current study followed
the recommendations made by Podsakoff and his colleagues
(2003). Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Lee, and Podsakoff (2003, p. 899) argued
that when ‘‘a researcher cannot obtain the predictor and criterion
variables from different sources, cannot separate the
measurement context, and cannot identify the source of the method
bias, it is best to use a single-common method-factor approach to statistically
control for method biases’’. The current study met the above criteria
and therefore used the Harman’s single-factor test to examine
common method bias.