2.5. Isolation of fungi
Five seedlings per treatments were selected at random at each sampling period. Seedlings were removed from the growing medium and all soil removed from the roots. For each seedling, six needles and six roots were cut from the seedling using sterile scissors. Soil from around the seedling roots was also collected and a 1 g sub-sample processed by dilution plating to determine propagule loadings in the growing medium. Each root was cut into three pieces using sterile scissors. One root section per root sample from the different treatments was then treated as follows: a. Unwashed root: Each selected root section was cut in half using sterile scissors and placed onto quarter-strength PDA. b. Washed root: Each root section was washed in sterile distilled water for 1 min before being cut in half using sterile scissors and placed onto BSM. c. Sterile root: Each root section was washed in sterile distilled water for 1 min before being surface sterilised by soaking in ethanol (96%) for 1 min, followed by 10% sodium hypochlorite (0.04% active NaOCl) for 5 mins, before rinsing twice in sterile distilled water for 1 min. After sterilisation each root was cut in half using sterile scissors and placed onto BSM. Needle samples: The six needles from each seedling were surface sterilised as described above, cut into three pieces using sterile scissors and placed onto BSM. All BSM plates were sealed with Parafilm (Pechiney Plastic Packaging Company, Chicago, IL) and incubated at 20 C for 10– 14 days. Developing colonies that appeared to be Beauveria sp. were then subcultured onto new BSM plates which were incubated at 20 C. The identity of Beauveria spp. colonies was confirmed by visual examination of conidiating cultures.
2.5 การแยกเชื้อรา Five seedlings per treatments were selected at random at each sampling period. Seedlings were removed from the growing medium and all soil removed from the roots. For each seedling, six needles and six roots were cut from the seedling using sterile scissors. Soil from around the seedling roots was also collected and a 1 g sub-sample processed by dilution plating to determine propagule loadings in the growing medium. Each root was cut into three pieces using sterile scissors. One root section per root sample from the different treatments was then treated as follows: a. Unwashed root: Each selected root section was cut in half using sterile scissors and placed onto quarter-strength PDA. b. Washed root: Each root section was washed in sterile distilled water for 1 min before being cut in half using sterile scissors and placed onto BSM. c. Sterile root: Each root section was washed in sterile distilled water for 1 min before being surface sterilised by soaking in ethanol (96%) for 1 min, followed by 10% sodium hypochlorite (0.04% active NaOCl) for 5 mins, before rinsing twice in sterile distilled water for 1 min. After sterilisation each root was cut in half using sterile scissors and placed onto BSM. Needle samples: The six needles from each seedling were surface sterilised as described above, cut into three pieces using sterile scissors and placed onto BSM. All BSM plates were sealed with Parafilm (Pechiney Plastic Packaging Company, Chicago, IL) and incubated at 20 C for 10– 14 days. Developing colonies that appeared to be Beauveria sp. were then subcultured onto new BSM plates which were incubated at 20 C. The identity of Beauveria spp. colonies was confirmed by visual examination of conidiating cultures.
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