We measure timely loss recognidon as the coefficient on large negauve net income, LNEG, in the regressions given by equations (7) and (8) (Lang, Raedy, and Yetman [2003], Lang, Raedy, and Wilson [2006]). When comparing IAS firms and NIAS firms in die post adoption (preadoption) period, we estimate equation (7) pooling observations from the post adoption (pre adoption) period.