measures. (3) Climate change will modify the attractiveness of particular adventure tourism destinations in several ways. It will make their climates more or less comfortable for humans. It will change natural features such as coastlines, coral reefs, rivers, snow cover, and watchable wildlife. It will also affect access to natural areas, as extieme weather events become more commonplace and severe. (4) Finally, climate change will affect climates in tourists' countries of origin, so that differences in weather between home and holiday destinations may become more or less marked.
Adventure tour operators who offer a portfolio of adventure activities in different locations will be able to adapt by changing this portfolio. Urban destinations may by able to rely more heavily on artificial indoor climates, though with increased energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. For single-site, single-activity enterprises, there will be opportunities to adapt through a variety of engineering or management measures. Most of these involve costs, and many can only be carried out in concert with other landholders or local government agencies.