Expectancy: Effort → Performance (E→P) Expectancy is the belief that one's effort (E) will result in attainment of desired performance (P) goals. Usually, this is based on an individual's past experience, self-confidence (self efficacy), and the perceived difficulty of the performance standard or goal. Factors associated with the individual's expectancy perception are self efficacy, goal difficulty, and control. Self efficacy is the person’s belief about their ability to successfully perform a particular behavior. Goal difficulty involves how goals or performance expectations that are set too high are most likely to lead to low expectancy. Control is one's perceived control over performance. In order for expectancy to be high, individuals must expect to have some control over the outcome.