During May and June, westerly anomalies were persistent over the Indian Ocean (IO), with higher frequency modes periodically propagating across the Pacific.
During late August, westerly anomalies were evident across the IO and western Pacific.
During September and October, persistent westerly (easterly) anomalies were evident over the eastern Indian Ocean and western Maritime Continent (central Pacific). These anomalies are low frequency in nature, and reflect a developing La Niña base state as well as a negative phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During the past week, the anomaly pattern appears noisier and somewhat less coherent.