3. Conclusion
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the design and development of learning 2D-Animation apps
that is convincingly expected to supplement the learning of developing animation among novice learners. The
learning 2D animation apps is designed and developed in an organized and systematic process within the context
based on R2D2 model. The integration of project-based learning in the design and development of the apps
suggests that it could facilitate learners to have a dominant control of their own learning process.