Five different culture media were used in this study: Brain Heart Infusion (BHI; Biokar Diagnostics, Beauvais, France) supplemented with 0.05% L-cysteine (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany); de Man- Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS; Biokar Diagnostics) supplemented with 0.02 g/L bromophenol blue (AppliChem) and L-cysteine (MRS-BPB; Lee and Lee, 2008); Reinforced Clostridial Medium (RCM; Biokar Diagnostics); and MacConkey Broth Purple (Biokar Diagnostics).