Abstract
Democratic theorists have paid increasing attention to problems of political representation over the past two decades. Interest is driven by (a) a political landscape within which electoral representa- tion now competes with new and informal kinds of representation; (b) interest in the fairness of electoral representation, particularly for minorities and women; (c) a renewed focus on political judgment within democratic theory; and (d ) a new appreciation that participa- tion and representation are complementary forms of citizenship. We review recent innovations within democratic theory, focusing espe- cially on problems of fairness, constituency definition, deliberative political judgment, and new, nonelectoral forms of representation.