The applicability of our results to other kinds of businesses/operations needs to be verified. Though we measured team performance with a time lag, we did not have a causal design. This was an important limitation because with some relationships, such as the team efficacy–performance link, each could potentially cause the other (Lindsley, Brass, & Thomas, 1995). Though we measured team performance through a different source, we measured empowering leadership, knowledge sharing, and team efficacy through the same survey, so the possibility of common method bias must be considered when interpreting the relationships among these three variables. However, our confirmatory factor analysis did indicate that these concepts were perceived as distinct from each other.