V. fischeri JB10 was grown in marine broth to exponential phase and then transferred (1%) to a defined minimal medium (Studer et al., 2008). Cultures were grown at 28°C and 200 rpm in 250 mL shake flasks with a working volume of 50 mL for 8 h. Treatments were added at 8 h and exposure/growth continued for 4 h. At 12 h of total growth, 2 mL of cells were harvested by centrifugation at 2000 × g (5 min). Cells were treated with 2 mg/mL lysozyme in TE buffer for 10 minutes and then homogenized with a needle and syringe. RNA was extracted with PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Ambion) and on-column DNA digestion was performed with PureLink PCR Micro Kit (Invitrogen). qPCR was performed on a BioRad CFX96 Real Time System with a C1000 Thermal Cycler. Data was analyzed by the Livak method (ΔΔCt) and fold changes were determined by using 2−ΔΔCt