Impact of the Changes ........................................................ 17
Structured sentencing ........................................................ 17
Mandatory sentences ........................................................ 18
Three-strikes laws .......................................................... 19
Parole release ............................................................. 19
Decisionmaking ............................................................ 20
Prison crowding ............................................................ 20
Behavioral, cultural, and social changes impinging on corrections ........................ 21
Examining the Effectiveness of Different Strategies ................................ 21
Incapacitation and deterrence .................................................. 21
Controversy over costs ...................................................... 23
Intermediate sanctions ....................................................... 24
Rehabilitation: What works in corrections? ........................................ 25