Kanchanaburi forests are well known for high diversity of Termitomyces, an un-culturable and
economic mushroom in Thailand, but their systematics are limited and unorganized. We, therefore,
identified 28 Termitomycesisolates collected from 8 districts in Kanchanaburi province based on
morphological characteristics and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2rDNA sequences. Nine species were identified
as T. albiceps, T. bulborhizus, T. cylindricus, T. heimii, T. microcarpus, T. radicatus, T.
entolomoides, T. fuliginosus, and T. clypeatus. Analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences of
these Termitomyces species revealed that morphological characteristics of T. clypeatusre presented
the most extremely variations that had not been described in any identification references. The
inferred Neighbor-Joining phylogram of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences showed that 13
selected Termitomyces isolates were monophyletic and diverged into 2 clades with no common
characteristic that can be sharedin each clade. In addition, the phylogenetic study demonstrated
the monophyletic tree from pure Kanchanaburi Termitomycesisolates and mixture of Asia and
African Termitomycessamples implied that both Asia and African Termitomycesspecies have
evolved from the same ancestor.