Of the seven major task areas for which principals have responsibility, curriculum and
instruction has generated the most sound and fury. On the one hand, the principal has been
exhorted to exert instructional leadership, while on the other hand, he has been told flatly that
such a role is beyond his or any other human being’s capacity. The problem with these
disputations is that the exponents of a given position have neither defined sharply what is
signified by the concept of instructional leadership nor made their assumptions explicit
(Bridges, 1967a, p. 136)