As shown in Table 2, at the national level, the state and the Fishery Policy Council work together to design national fishery practices. The Fishery Policy Council, which is an advisory body to the state, is composed of various stakeholders, including fishers, scholars, scientists, and consumer representatives (Matsushima, 2012). The council conducts public hearings before developing a national plan of action for the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF).