Concern R.1-2
architecture
the design or style of a building or buildings
rival
a person, company, or thing that competes with another in sport, business, etc
expansion
an act of increasing or making something increase in size, amount or importance
rise
to become more or greater in amount, size, or degree; increase
alongside
next to or at the side of something
harbor
an area of water on the coast, protected from the open ocean by strong walls, where ships can shelter
overland
across the land; by land, not by ocean or by air
caravan
a group of people with vehicles or animals who are travelling together, especially across the desert
route
a way that you follow to get from one place to another
prosperity
the state of being successful, especially in making money
advancement
the process of helping something to make progress or succeed; the progress that is made
craftsman
a skilled person, especially one who makes beautiful things by hand
merchant
a person who buys and sells goods in large quantities, especially one who imports and exports goods
barter
to exchange goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money
merchandise
goods that are bought or sold; goods that are for sale in a shop/store
regulate
to control something by means of rules
consist
to be formed from the things or people mentioned
gate
a barrier like a door that is used to close an opening in a fence or a wall outside a building
residential
suitable for living in; consisting of houses rather than factories or offices
strictly
with a lot of control and rules that must be obeyed
bazaar
a street or an area of a town where there are many small shops
various
several different
craft
an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands
maze
a system of paths separated by walls or hedges built in a park or garden, that is designed so that it is difficult to find your way through
passageway
a long narrow area with walls on either side that connects one room or place with another
revenue
the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business
justice
the fair treatment of people
agora
in ancient Greece, an open space used for markets and public meetings
open air
a place outside rather than in a building
seasonal
happening or needed during a particular season; varying with the seasons
reflect
to show, express, or be a sign of something
shift
a change in position or direction
rural
connected with or like the countryside
arcade
a covered passage between streets, with shops/stores on either side
retain
to keep something; to continue to have something
openness
the quality of being honest and not hiding information or feelings
vaulted
made in the shape of an arch or a series of arches; having a ceiling or roof of this shape
imitate
to copy somebody/something
ceiling
the top inside surface of a room
favorably
making people have a good opinion of someone or something
commission
a formal request to someone to design or make a piece of work such as a building or a painting
enclose
to build a wall, fence, etc. around something
suburb
an area where people live that is outside the centre of a city
suburban
in or connected with a suburb
festivity
the activities that are organized to celebrate a special event
convenience
something that makes life easier
archetype
the most typical or perfect example of a particular kind of person or thing
spring
to appear or come somewhere suddenly
themed
designed to reflect a particular subject or period of history
willingness
to be happy to do something, if you need to
marine
connected with the sea and the creatures and plants that live there
magnet
a person, place or thing that somebody/something is attracted to
sprawling
spreading in an untidy way
retail
the selling of goods to the public, usually through shops/stores
indicate
to show that something is true or exists
press
newspapers and magazines
release
to make something available to the public
incorporated
formed or united into a whole
incorporate
to create a legally recognized company
associate
a person that you work with, do business with, or spend a lot of time with
headquarters
a place from which an organization or a military operation is controlled; the people who work there
engage in
to take part in something; to make somebody take part in something
state
an organized political community forming part of a country
abroad
in or to a foreign country
firm
a business or company
ingenuity
the ability to invent things or solve problems in clever new ways
disciplined
to control the way you behave and make yourself do things that you believe you should do
senior
high in rank or status; higher in rank or status than others
head
to lead or be in charge of something
charge
a position of having control over somebody/something; responsibility for somebody/something
direct
to control or be in charge of somebody/something
coordinate
to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well
chief
most important or highest in rank
steadily
developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular way
latter
being the second of two things, people or groups that have just been mentioned, or the last in a list
civic
connected with the people who live in a town or city
recreational
connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working
outstanding
extremely good; excellent
acre
a unit for measuring an area of land; 4840 square yards or about 4050 square metres
redevelop
to change an area by building new roads, houses, factories, etc
comprehensive
including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc, that may be concerned
renewal
a situation in which something is replaced, improved or made more successful
rehabilitate
to return a building or an area to its previous good condition
division
a large and important unit or section of an organization
certify
to give somebody an official document proving that they are qualified to work in a particular profession
regard
to think about somebody/something in a particular way
pioneer
a person who is the first to study and develop a particular area of knowledge, culture, etc. that other people then continue to develop
expression
a group of signs that represent an idea or a quantity
praise
words that show approval of or admiration for somebody/something
scope
the range of things that a subject, an organization, an activity, etc. deals with
tract
an area of land, especially a large one
progressive
happening or developing steadily
forum
a place where people can exchange opinions and ideas on a particular issue; a meeting organized for this purpose
The New Yorker
a famous US magazine published each week in New York. It is known for its long articles, fiction, humour and comic drawings.
numerous
existing in large numbers (synonym MANY)
collaboration
the act of working with another person or group of people to create or produce something
comprise
to have somebody/something as parts or members
exhibition
a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public
Federation
a group of clubs, trade/labor unions, etc. that have joined together to form an organization
leading
ahead of others in a race or contest