operationalize by the number of black people, the number of single parent households, distance from the city center, and percentage below the property line, Routine activities variables focused on land use, and included the number of commercial places, the number of hotels and motels, the number of"youth places," the number of vacant lots and parking lots, the number of stores and shops, the number of multifamily buildings, and the average assessed apartment or office value. The measures simultaneously operationalize target availability and guardianship. For example, it was assumed that face blocks with large numbers of stores and shops will have more cars parked on the street compared to residential areas, and the cars will be less guarded as well Rice and Smith(2002) concluded that the tandem occurrence of opportunity and motivated offenders on socially disorganized face blocks results in more auto theft than just opportunity or motivation taken individually. There was evidence of the value of an integrated approach context is important