a Both average and high intake figures assume no loss of ETO due to cooking or storage.
b Using New Zealand import data to estimate average spice consumption (1.0 g/day).
c Using WHO/GEMS data on European diet for spice consumption (0.5 g/day) (WHO/GEMS, 1999). It is assumed that the distribution of types
of spices consumed is similar to that in NZ.
d Using 97.5% spice consumption data from the USA (7.7 g/day) (Codex, 1999). It is assumed that the distribution of types of spices consumed is
similar to that in NZ.
e Units are in mg/person/day, and assume a 70-kg person