Abstract:In this paper, the effectiveness of environmental education (EE) programs at fostering ecologically responsible behavior is analyzed through the lens of psychology. In section 1, a critique of knowledge and attitude appeals is presented using contemporary psychological understandings of these constructs to show why many EE programs have been met with mixed results. It is argued that knowledge and attitudes are misunderstood in precisely how they are employed in decision-making and that these misunderstandings hamper the impact of EE programming. In section 2, the theoretical foundation for applying identity research is developed further and is shown to engage both the automatic and controlled cognitive processes--the key distinction of the IBEE model. In section 3, this research is applied to develop a novel program for producing ecologically responsible behavior through EE using self-identity as a more sophisticated and effective behavioral mediator, as is how a 'pro-environmental identity' could be developed. Self-identity is a durable and robust behavioral mediator that has been shown to be highly predictive of an individual's behavior and can be shaped to lead one toward ecologically responsible behavior across behavioral domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] . Copyright of International Journal of Environmental & Science Education is the property of International Journal of Environmental & Science Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Let us consider two profiles, A and B, and the two hypotheses (the profiles A and B are linked); (the profiles A and B are not linked which represent H1 and H2, respectively.The notion of link may accept different meanings depending on the type of trace, its origins, and the level of generality and inference considered.In the deterministic approach, a binary classification is postulated and a link is either present or absent.The score is compared against a defined threshold value that is chosen in accordance with what is considered acceptable by the operator and the organisation in a given operating context.In that approach, either H1 or H2 is true.False positive (type I error reporting that a link is present when in fact it is absent) and false negative (type II error. Reporting that a link is absent when in fact it is present) rates depend on the selected metric and threshold.
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