While voluntary EPR/PS programs would be ideal, as noted by
MacBride (2012, p. 185), “Producers, for entirely rational reasons,
seek to avoid this responsibility whenever and wherever they can.”
Hence, EPR/PS are generally implemented through laws, taxes,
subsidies, advance recovery fees, disposal fees, product charges,
deposit/refunds, or product take-back requirements
While voluntary EPR/PS programs would be ideal, as noted byMacBride (2012, p. 185), “Producers, for entirely rational reasons,seek to avoid this responsibility whenever and wherever they can.”Hence, EPR/PS are generally implemented through laws, taxes,subsidies, advance recovery fees, disposal fees, product charges,deposit/refunds, or product take-back requirements
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