Hazard Recognition: Lack of knowledge and skills i.e. employee does not recognize or unable to identified hazard as well as does not recognize on how hazard can result in an accident. Besides, employee does not enough or never train/communicate on safe work procedure and practices prior to start work.
Disagreement on Safe Practices: Employees disagreement either on existed safe practices or misgivings to follow the recommendation or existed safe practices while performing task.
Personal Choice: “I know I am at-risk but I prefer to do so”, the employees agree that they are at-risk but they choose (still) to (continue) work because they can gain something from that.
Personal Factors: Personal mind and Health result in “Unsafe Act” i.e. capability to work regard to personal health conditions and personal lives e.g. impairment including drug and alcohol abuse, congenital disease, illness leading to the use of medications. Moreover, the stress is also included.
Culture: “People’s values and assumptions” i.e. employees will act according to their culture e.g. if they strongly and deeply believe that wearing helmet is not a real man, practically no man will wear it.
Business System: “Easy to do job outside system” i.e. employees find that it is easier NOT to follow the business system.
Inappropriate Rewards: i.e. “No appropriate safety reward” e.g. inappropriate incentive system leading to “ignore” safe work rules and regulation.
Facilities and Equipment: the facility or equipment itself requires unsafe behavior due poor construction, design, or availability