Cash management includes operations within the budget year that handle cash flows into the government, payments made by the government, use of funds while they are held by the government, and accommodation strate- gies when revenues fail to cover approved expenditures. Payments in and out should be made through a single treasury account, not through indi- vidual agency accounts, to maintain control and accountability and to obtain the advantages of cash pooling. Revenues must be received and recorded to the appropriate accounts, and payments must be made on a timely basis to legitimate claimants. The timing of revenue flows into the treasury will seldom match payments from the treasury and, even in a govern- ment with a balanced annual budget, there will be periods in which accumulated revenue will be less than accumulated expenditures. One task of cash management is to develop short-term mechanisms to bridge those differences without payment arrears (forced loans from suppliers).20 During other periods of the year, the treasury will have cash balances, and the second task of cash management is to make productive use of those funds in secure short-term investments.21 Balancing the return from those assets with the need for cash to meet payment obligations is a fundamental resource management issue.