1. Global growth
The global economy is still struggling to return
to a strong and sustained growth path. World output,
which grew at a rate of 2.2 per cent in 2012, is forecast
to grow at a similar rate in 2013. Developed countries
will continue to lag behind the world average, with a
likely 1 per cent increase in gross domestic product
(GDP), due to a slight deceleration in the United States
and a continuing recession in the euro area. Developing
and transition economies should grow by about 4.7 per
cent and 2.7 per cent respectively (table 1.1). E ven
though these growth rates are significantly higher than
those of developed countries, they remain well below
their pre-crisis levels. Furthermore, they confirm the
pace of deceleration that started in 2012.
Economic activity in many developed countries
and a number of emerging market economies is still
suffering from the impacts of the financial and economic
crisis that started in 2008 and the persistence
of domestic and international imbalances that led
to it. However, continuing weak growth in several
countries may also be partly due to their current
macroeconomic policy stance.
Among developed economies, growth in the
European Union (EU) is expected to shrink for the
second consecutive year, with a particularly severe
economic contraction in the euro area. Private demand
remains subdued, especially in the euro-zone periphery
countries (Greece, I reland, I taly, Portugal and Spain),
due to high unemployment, wage compression, low
consumer confidence and the still incomplete process
of balance sheet consolidation. Given the ongoing
process of deleveraging, expansionary monetary
policies have failed to increase the supply of credit
for productive activities. I n this context, continued
fiscal tightening makes a return to a higher growth
trajectory highly unlikely, as it adds a deflationary
impulse to already weak private demand. While foreign
trade (mainly through the reduction of imports)
contributed to growth in the euro area, this was more
than offset by the negative effect of contracting
domestic demand, which even the surplus countries
have been reluctant to stimulate. This perpetuates
disequilibrium within the euro zone and reduces the
scope for an export-led recovery of other countries
in the zone. Hence, despite the fact that the tensions
in the financial markets of the euro area have receded
following intervention by the E uropean Central
Bank (ECB), prospects for a resumption of growth
1. Global growthThe global economy is still struggling to returnto a strong and sustained growth path. World output,which grew at a rate of 2.2 per cent in 2012, is forecastto grow at a similar rate in 2013. Developed countrieswill continue to lag behind the world average, with alikely 1 per cent increase in gross domestic product(GDP), due to a slight deceleration in the United Statesand a continuing recession in the euro area. Developingand transition economies should grow by about 4.7 percent and 2.7 per cent respectively (table 1.1). E venthough these growth rates are significantly higher thanthose of developed countries, they remain well belowtheir pre-crisis levels. Furthermore, they confirm thepace of deceleration that started in 2012.Economic activity in many developed countriesand a number of emerging market economies is stillsuffering from the impacts of the financial and economiccrisis that started in 2008 and the persistenceof domestic and international imbalances that ledto it. However, continuing weak growth in severalcountries may also be partly due to their currentmacroeconomic policy stance.Among developed economies, growth in theEuropean Union (EU) is expected to shrink for thesecond consecutive year, with a particularly severeeconomic contraction in the euro area. Private demandremains subdued, especially in the euro-zone peripherycountries (Greece, I reland, I taly, Portugal and Spain),due to high unemployment, wage compression, lowconsumer confidence and the still incomplete processof balance sheet consolidation. Given the ongoingprocess of deleveraging, expansionary monetarypolicies have failed to increase the supply of creditfor productive activities. I n this context, continuedfiscal tightening makes a return to a higher growthtrajectory highly unlikely, as it adds a deflationaryimpulse to already weak private demand. While foreigntrade (mainly through the reduction of imports)contributed to growth in the euro area, this was morethan offset by the negative effect of contractingdomestic demand, which even the surplus countrieshave been reluctant to stimulate. This perpetuatesdisequilibrium within the euro zone and reduces thescope for an export-led recovery of other countriesin the zone. Hence, despite the fact that the tensionsin the financial markets of the euro area have recededfollowing intervention by the E uropean CentralBank (ECB), prospects for a resumption of growth
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
