D. Fuel properties characterization
The bio oil synthesized from shell under the condition of temperature of 450 C, N2 flow on 50 ml/min
and particle size of 2.18 mm and synthesized from residue under the condition of temperature of 400 C,
N2 flow on 50 ml/min were analyzed the fuel properties and comparing with the other researches as
shown in Table 2.
The Table 2 showed the viscosity and pH value of the bio oil from Para rubber seed was different from
other works. By the way, it seems that its flash point is higher than other bio oil types and is in range of
bio diesel standard. It showed the possible case of using this bio oil especially from residue as the filler
for the fuel or precursor for esterification reaction. Since the significant height of flash point, this bio oil
was analyzed by using elemental analyzer for estimation of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen.