A limitation of this study was it was conducted in only one season with no replication. As grape composition and its interactions vary with different seasons and in different environments, the effect of anthocyanin on tannin extraction in this study may
not be comparable to other regions or seasons. The low to high values of tannin and anthocyanin in grapes used in this study were also not at the extremes of levels found in grapes (Downey, Harvey, & Robinson, 2004; Harbertson & Keller, 2010; Petrie & Clingeleffer, 2006). However, the combination and range of low–low, low–high, high–low and high–high anthocyanin and tannin concentrations created by pooling fruit from the same vineyard provided a unique opportunity to directly compare the effect of significantly different concentrations of phenolic compounds in fruit grown under the
same environmental and management conditions.