Cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from
2008 to 2011 wereanalyzed.COPD was defined byapre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s
divided by forced vital capacity of 0.70. A logistic regression model was used to elucidate the
association between blood cadmium levels and COPD according to gen derand smoking status.